Monday, January 27, 2020

Economies of Scale Economies of Scope in long run

Economies of Scale Economies of Scope in long run Paridhi Gupta Introduction Economies all about cost effectiveness. The term Scale is all about the benefits gained by the production of large volume of a product. The term scope is linked to the benefits gained by producing a wide variety of products by efficiently utilizing to same operations. What are Economies of Scale? The term economies of scale refers to a situation where the cost of producing one unit of a good or service decreases as the volume of production increases. Economies of scale arise when the cost per unit falls as output increases. Economies of scale are the main advantage of increasing the scale of production. Examples:- Table 1 Assume each unit of capital = Rs.5, Land = Rs.8 and Labour = Rs.2 Calculate TC and then AC for the two different ‘scales’ (‘sizes’) of production facility AC = TC / Q TABLE 2 Doubling the scale of production (a rise of 100%) has led to an increase in output of 200% therefore cost of production PER UNIT has fallen Don’t get confused between Total Cost and Average Cost Overall ‘costs’ will rise but unit costs can fall Classification of Economies of Scale: Marshall made a differentiating concepts of internal and external economies of scale. That is that when costs of input factors of production go down, it is a positive externality for all the firms in the market place, outside the control of any of the firms. Internal Economies of Scale Internal economies of scale relate to the lower unit costs a single firm can obtain by growing in size itself. This means that the internal economies are exclusively available to the expanding firm. Internal economies of scale may be classified under the following categories. Bulk- buying economies As businesses grow they need to order larger quantities of production inputs. For example, they will more raw materials. As the order value increases, a business obtains more bargaining power with suppliers. It may be able to obtain discounts and lower prices for the raw materials. Technical economies Businesses with large-scale production can use more advanced machinery (or use existing machinery more efficiently). This may include using mass production techniques, which are a more efficient form of production. A larger firm can also afford to invest more in research and development. Financial economies Many small businesses find it hard to obtain finance and when they do obtain it, the cost of the finance is often quite high. This is because small businesses are perceived as being riskier than larger businesses that have developed a good track record. Larger firms therefore find it easier to find potential lenders and to raise money at lower interest rates. Marketing economies Economies in marketing arise from the large –scale purchase of raw materials and other material inputs and large scale selling of the firm’s own product. Every part of marketing has a cost – particularly promotional methods such as advertising and running a sales force. Many of these marketing costs are fixed costs and so as a business gets larger, it is able to spread the cost of marketing over a wider range of products and sales – cutting the average marketing cost per unit. Managerial economies As a firm grows, there is greater potential for managers to specialise in particular tasks (e.g. marketing, human resource management, finance). Specialist managers are likely to be more efficient as they possess a high level of expertise, experience and qualifications compared to one person in a smaller firm trying to perform all of these roles. External economies of scale External economies of scale occur when a firm benefits from lower unit costs as a result of the whole industry growing in size. External economies accrue to the expanding firms from advantages arising outside the firm e.g. in the input markets. The main types are: Transport and communication As an industry establishes itself and grows in a particular region, it is likely that the government will provide better transport and communication links to improve accessibility to the region. This will lower transport costs for firms in the area as journey times are reduced and also attract more potential customers. For example, an area of Scotland known as Silicon Glen has attracted many high-tech firms and as a result improved air and road links have been built in the region. Training and education becomes more focused on the industry Universities and colleges will offer more courses suitable for a career in the industry which has become dominant in a region or nationally. For example, there are many more IT courses at being offered at colleges as the whole IT industry in the UK has developed recently. This means firms can benefit from having a larger pool of appropriately skilled workers to recruit from. Other industries grow to support this industry A network of suppliers or support industries may grow in size and/or locate close to the main industry. This means a firm has a greater chance of finding a high quality yet affordable supplier close to their site. The long run average cost curve (LRAC) The long run average cost curve (LRAC) is known as the ‘envelope curve’ and is usually drawn on the assumption of their being an infinite number of plant sizes – hence its smooth appearance in the next diagram below. The points of tangency between LRAC and SRAC curves do not occur at the minimum points of the SRAC curves except at the point where the minimum efficient scale (MES) is achieved. If LRAC is falling when output is increasing then the firm is experiencing economies of scale. For example a doubling of factor inputs might lead to a more than doubling of output. Economies of scope Economies of scope is a term that refers to the reduction of per-unit costs through the production of a wider variety of goods or services. Many firms produce more than one product. Sometimes, a firm’s products are closely linkes to one another. An automobile company, for instance, produces automobiles and trucks, a chicken farm produces poultry and eggs. At other times, firms produce physically unrelated products. In both caes, however, a firm is likely to enjoy production or cost advantages when it produces two or more products. These advantages could result from the joint use of inputs or production facilities, joint marketing programs, or possibly the cost savings of a common administration. Example of Economies of Scope McDonalds can produce both hamburgers and French fries at a lower average cost than what it would cost two separate firms to produce the same goods. This is because McDonalds hamburgers and French fries share the use of food storage, preparation facilities, and so forth during production. Difference between economies of scale and economies of scope Mergers and Acquisitions Mergers are basically combining of two business entities under common ownership. Two companies legally become one. All assets and liabilities being merged out of existence become assets and liabilities of surviving company. Under acquisitions one firm buys the assets or shares of another. Acquired company becomes subsidiary of purchasing company. Different Types of Mergers A horizontal merger This kind of merger exists between two companies who compete in the same industry segment. A vertical merger Vertical merger is a kind in which two or more companies in the same industry but in different fields combine together in business. Co-generic mergers Co-generic merger is a kind in which two or more companies in association are some way or the other related to the production processes, business markets, or basic required technologies. Conglomerate Mergers Conglomerate merger is a kind of venture in which two or more companies belonging to different industrial sectors combine their operations Different Types of acquisitions Friendly acquisition Both the companies approve of the acquisition under friendly terms. Reverse acquisition A private company takes over a public company. Back flip acquisition- A very rare case of acquisition in which, the purchasing company becomes a subsidiary of the purchased company. Hostile acquisition Here, as the name suggests, the entire process is done by force. Motives for Mergers Acquisitions Economies of large scale business large scale business organization enjoys both internal and external economies. Elimination of competition It eliminates severe, intense and wasteful expenditure by different competing organizations. Desire to enjoy monopoly power MA leads to monopolistic control in the market. Adoption of modern technology corporate organization requires large resources Lack of technical and managerial talent Industrialization, scarcity of entrepreneurial, managerial and technical talent Creation of Synergies The financial benefit that two companies may derive from a merger or acquisition is called synergy. The synergistic effect may also refer to the cost reduction a merger brings about by eliminating or streamlining redundant processes. Different types of Synergies enjoyed through MA Management Synergy Management synergy refers that the companies use its extensive and efficient management resources through new permutations and combinations after MA to improve the existing management and finally increase the revenue. Operating Synergy Operating synergy refers to the improvement of production and operation efficiency of enterprises which caused by economies of scale and economy of scope after MA. Financial Synergy Financial synergy refers to the financial benefits generated by MA transaction. It is a net cash flow on benefits which are caused by tax laws, accounting standards and other provisions of the securities and exchange. Production Synergy Two companies that merge may be able to produce more revenue than either one could produce independently by combining the most efficient processes each brings to the merger. Risks Analysis of the Realization of Synergistic Effect The risks of the realization of synergistic effect refers to the uncertainty of the increment of corporation value and the performance of strategic MA. Such risks always exist throughout the whole process of synergistic effect realization. From the view of the root causes of the risks, such risks can be divided into internal risks and external risks Internal Risks Internal risks mainly refer to the synergistic effect of risks which is caused by MA transactions and integration. Synergistic effect of internal risks mainly includes financial risk integration risk anti-MA risk principal-agent risk asymmetric information risk 1) Financial risk. MA often requires large amounts of capital, how to raise funds in short term is very important. Companies can use cash, stock or debt financing for the MA. Either way, there are great risks. If companies use cash to complete the MA, there will have the following short-comings: first of all, a one-time large amount of cash outflow for MA will cause intense pressure on the production and management of the enterprise. Second, the trade size will be restricted by the ability to obtain cash and lead to the failure of a large-scale MA. Moreover, the merged side may not like cash payment, because they cannot get the new company’s equity, this situation will also lead to MA risks. 2) Integration risk. According to a survey on the failure of MA, about 80% of MA failures are caused by enterprise integration failures. The MA integration risk is manifested mainly in the following three aspects: first, production and technology cannot achieve the expected synergy after MA. For example, the MA side usually wants to implement diversification through MA so as to enter new areas, when the growth of the new areas are faced with obstacles, it often makes MA activities in trouble. Second, the integration of personnel, institution and culture after MA. If the enterprise cannot make effective integration according to the designed MA plan, this will lead to the conflict of personnel, institution and cultural be-tween new and old enterprises and resulting in internal friction. Third, the impact of MA on business relationships, such as the impact on customers and suppliers. MA might cause deterioration in external business relationship and lose some customers and suppliers, thus lead to the increa se of enterprise’s operating costs and reduction its profitability. 3) Anti-MA risk Under normal circumstances, the merged enterprise’s attitude of MA is uncooperative. Because the merged enterprises are usually inferior enterprises, they will find ways to stop MA. Such practices will greatly increase the MA risks. In addition, under the modern corporate governance structure, a successful MA must first be accepted by enterprise management, then adopted by the board of directors in the enterprise, at last obtain the consent of the large, small and medium-sized investors. 4) Principal-agent risk For pursuing business expansion, the senior executives with information superiority might ignore the interests of shareholders to meet the needs of their individual fame and fortune. The â€Å"out of control† risk of principal-agent relationship in MA decision is very dangerous. In a company, the relationship between its manager and corporate owners is principal-agent relationship. The company management might pursuit company expansion for their own interests to show their performance. They have information superiority and might agree on the unreasonable terms of the target company without considering its own financial and operating conditions. This conduct will increase the realization cost of synergy and reduced synergy benefits. 5) Asymmetric information risk In the market mechanism of incomplete competition, the problem of information asymmetry is quite general. During the course of strong company’s acquisition of target company, the target company’s executives might conceal the facts such as enterprise’s hidden losses of contingent liability and the true value of patents to achieve their private intentions. They might also collude with the agency or the insider of the strong enterprise to make false information so that the policy makers of the merging side might make wrong decisions. External Risks As synergistic effect is based on certain of development strategy and the formulation of such a development strategy is based on external environment, therefore, the changes in external environment not only affects the enterprise’s development strategy, but also cause the deviation from the expected synergies. The external risks of synergistic effect mainly include policy risk legal risk industrial risk. 1) Policy risk. Policy risk refers to the synergy risk which caused by the adjustment of national economic policies. The government develops special policies to protect the vested interests of government and â€Å"special groups† or uses administrative means to arbitrarily change its policy to destroy the normal order of market competition, such behavior would increase the risk of synergy. 2) Legal risk. Legal risk mainly lies in the following three aspects. The first is the provisions of anti-monopoly law. Most of western countries developed a series of anti-monopoly laws to safeguard fair competition. The second is the specific provisions of MA in the law. For instance, according to the correlated laws, if the acquirer holds 5% of a listed company’s shares, it must notice and suspend trading, for each 2% subsequent increment, it is necessary to repeat the process, if holding 30% of the shares, it must launch a comprehensive tender offer. This provision leads to great increase of the acquisition costs and MA risk. Thirdly, during the course of MA, as laws and regulations are incomplete, the conduct of company cannot be guided correctly, thus result in the increase of MA risk. 3) Industrial risk. Industry risk refers to the uncertainty of the industry prospects caused by the changes of country’s economic situation and industrial policy, which might influence the enterprise development strategy. In the process of MA decision-making, many enterprises sink into woeful situation because they are not familiar with the new industry they wish to enter or without a accurate grasp of the industry prospects. The â€Å"big diving† of e-commerce enterprises in the last two years are good examples. Conclusion Bibliography http://tutor2u.net/economics/content/essentials/economies_scale_scope.htm http://www.tutor2u.net/business/gcse/downloads/production_economies_of_scale.pdf www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=4385 Pindyck, Rubinfield, Mehta, MicroEconomics, 7th Edition, Pearson

Sunday, January 19, 2020

Human Resourse Management Essay -- GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

HRM Human Resource Management: How Groups Behave Differently ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR AND ANALYSIS COURSE ASSIGNMENT QUESTION 2 IN WHAT WAYS DO GROUPS BEHAVE DIFFERENTLY FROM INDIVIDUALS? This essay will attempt to answer the above question by not only studying the conduct of individuals and groups in a work context, but also by looking at the causes of behaviour. Organisational behaviour theories, experiments and case studies will be used to investigate the behaviour of first the individual and then the group in a work environment. The term "group" for the purposes of this assignment as been defined as a formal group which has been established by an organisation at a point in time in with the purpose of achieving a specified goal. Although it is noted that many friendship and informal groupings do develop. When both the behaviour of the individual and the group have been assessed, a discussion will be made as to how these behavioural patterns differ, why they differ and to what extent they differ. Individual Behaviour. There are many theories of human behaviour used for the purposes of management and these are constantly being updated. Traditional management thinking focuses on the idea that in order to understand how a person will act in a given set of circumstances, individuals motives have to be assessed. A more modern approach looks at the individuals: abilities, personality, personality traits, ethics and culture. Traditional View In earlier models it was first assumed that people were basically the same, that they had the same wants and needs. Leavitt [1] suggested that there are certain generalisations, which are useful in predicting human behaviour. In order to illustrate these generalisations he asked this question, "What are the fundamental, unexceptionally truths of human behaviour?" Some of the answers he found included: People are products of their environment. People want security. All people want is bread and butter. People are fundamentally lazy. People are fundamentally selfish. Pe ople want the chance to show what they can do. Although many of the answers that were received were contradictory, Leavitt believed that at another level the contradiction disappears and that there are three basic assumptions that can be made... ...ery differentially than it's separate individuals. In many cases a student's own individual traits; ability, personality, values and ethics and culture, the elements which would normally govern their work behaviour have been cancelled out by the group process of norms. In the Southwestern example - before the introduction of effected behaviour, the majority of students conformed to the new level of work habits and conduct, and the variance in sales levels decreased and the average sales levels increased. Hopefully this essay has now highlighted that groups can behave differently from individuals, showed the ways in which the behaviour can vary and the reasons for yet been mentioned is to what extent the behaviour differs. This is very subjective and difficult to assess. Can you put an actual figure on the benefits or disadvantages of working in a group? This is maybe an area for future research. Bibliography Brewer M and Miller N (1996) Intergroup Relations Fincham and Rhodes (1999) Principals of Organisational Behaviour Huczynski and Buchanan (1991) Organisational Behaviour Hunt J (1992) Managing People at Work Leavitt H (1972) Managerial Psychology Makin P, Cooper C, Cox

Saturday, January 11, 2020

Mise-En-Scene Essay

Forrest Gump For over a century now, individuals have been flocking to witness the magic of motion pictures. It is a world made possible by a director and a dream. Unbeknownst to many, the making of a motion picture is a tedious event, involving scripts, takes, re-takes, and an abundance of post-production editing. Many people sit and enjoy a movie without realizing the complexities and the amount of individuals involved in creating the film. These individuals create the landscapes and backboards for us, the ultimate image also known as the mise-en-scene. My favorite film of all time is Forrest Gump. Forrest Gump will go down in history as one of the greatest films ever made. This film was nominated for thirteen Academy Awards, and took home six of them. This is in part because of the phenomenal cast and crew members involved in the production of this film; individuals such as the director, cinematographer, and art director, to the actors, sound people, and most importantly the editor, who pulled everything together and created the final cut. All of these plus additional elements such as sound, style, societal impact, genre, and film criticism make the film such a masterpiece. In this paper I will go into detail about these elements and as to why they add character and zest to the overall success of the film. Forrest Gump is a film that draws out every emotion that is available to the viewer; at times it draws empathy, as well as sympathy and sadness because of the real-life elements that are a part of the plot. The film is also loaded with irony and many opportunities to laugh at the naivety of the main character, Forrest Gump. Forrest Gump is a story about an â€Å"Unusual man doing unusual things† (Groom, 1996, pg. v). As a result of how fantastic the film was, and how great the crew and cast were, Forrest Gump was nominated for thirteen Oscars at the Academy; which is a highly prestigious honor. Almost all elements of this film were up to be recognized. The list of elements that won an Oscar: best actor, best director, best effects (visual effects), best film editing, best picture, and best writing. However, the list goes on even further when me ntioning the additional ones that were nominated but did not win. This would include: best supporting actor, best art direction-set decoration, best cinematography, best effects (sound effects), best make-up, best music, and best sound (Dirks, 2010). Every one of these elements is crucial to the popularity and overall success of this film. What I plan to take notice of first is the director, Robert Zemeckis. Robert has led a successful career of directing many blockbuster hit movies. Movies such as the Back to the Future trilogy, Cast Away, Contact, and Who Framed Roger Rabbit, just to name a few. It is no wonder why Robert is such a successful and well-known name in Hollywood. Robert is a director that continually makes great films that have recurring actors, Tom Hanks being one of these actors. The style of storyline that Robert chose to use in this film is mostly in chronological order; however, the story is narrated by Forrest in the future, so the story also has moments of incongruous editing. The text states that incongruous editing is when a film jumps around in time (Goodykontz & Jacobs, 2011). You see ’future’ Forrest is telling the story of his life to numerous people who are sitting next to him at the bus stop. The story that he tells is in chronological order, basically catching up to where he is at that moment, at the bus stop. I highly enjoyed this approach that the director used; the story would continually flip back to ‘future’ Forrest as the movie went on. I believe that the movie would have been dull, had it not been from the perspective of Forrest in the future. Excitement is added by the way that he remembers the events in his life, and how even today he is still excited about them. This movie was adapted from the book of the same name, written by Warren Groom and the screenplay was written by Eric Roth. Although much of the story was changed, between the book and the film, it still remains based on the book. This is a story of a man who is highly naive, some would say slightly mentally challenged, who travels the world and is involved with many political events that occurred from the 1960’s to 1990’s. He faces hardships and overcomes adversity. In the final scenes devastating news is given to Forrest; the conclusion in this movie really pulls the whole movie together and makes it very satisfying. The exposition of this movie is right out the box with this film. It starts with a feather floating high in the shy aimlessly, drifting down towards the ground. At first the audience thinks nothing of it, however, as we later on see, this feather floating and landing on the ground in front of a dingy, worn pair of running shoes, is a symbol of the story. It is a symbol of the life of Forrest Gump, a man who drifts everywhere and becomes a part of many cultural events. We then come to realize that Forrest is a little slow and does not perceive the world as the majority of people do; with this we find a lot of verbal irony on Forrest’s behalf. The set-up is that Forrest is pushed away by his peers except a little girl named Jenny. Forrest is the protagonist in this film and his friend Jenny is the antagonist. Goodykoontz and Jacobs describe a protagonist as the main character in a movie; they also describe the antagonist as the character in conflict with the main character (Goodykontz & Jacobs, 2011). Forrest is highly conservative, and Jenny is an outright liberal. As the story goes on, Jenny becomes more and more rebellious towards society’s standards. The confrontation is that Forrest is forever seeking to save Jenny, and to get her to conform to the way of life that he lives. However, Jenny is highly rebellious and wants to live the unhealthy lifestyle that she lives. Jenny was abused as a child and she lives very domineering to the men in her life, and since Forrest is good, she pushes him away, because all she knows is destruction. The conclusion brings everything to a head. This is where Forrest goes to Jenny’s house where she lays on him that she has a son and it is his. This is where it gets all fuzzy, emotionally, because we find out that finally Jenny is settling down and accepting Forrest and his conservative ways. However, in the final moments of the film the story turns sad and Jenny dies of an unknown illness; which leaves Forrest to care for his son that he previously knew nothing about. The main character in this movie, Forrest, is played by Tom Hanks, who is a career veteran of great movies; he is a wild card actor because he is able to play various types of roles (Goodykontz & Jacobs, 2011). There are a couple of secondary actors, Jenny, played by Robin White; Lieutenant Dan Taylor, played by Gary Sinise; and Benjamin Buford â€Å"Bubba† Blue, played by Mykelti Williamson; all of these actors would be classified as character actors, because they have been in other various films, but were always secondary characters (Goodykoontz & Jacobs, 2011). Sally Field is also in this film as Forrest’s mother, but the audience does not see too much of her. Tom Hanks won an Oscar for his grand performance in Forrest Gump. He also won many other prestigious awards such as a Screen Actors Guild award, a Golden Globe, a Kansas City Film Critics award, and an American Comedy award. Robin White and Gary Sinise were nominated for a Golden Globe and a Screen Actors Guild award, but neither won. The cinematographer in this film is a man by the name of Don Burgess. Don was also the cinematographer in other Robert Zemeckis films, such as Contact, Cast Away, and The Polar Express (the latter two films had Tom Hanks in them). The cinematographer in a film is the one who directs the camera and chooses what kind of shot will take place, whether it be a long shot, a close-up, or somewhere in between. They also control the lighting and determine what will be best for each particular scene. The cinematographer designs the mise-en-scene. In the beginning we see a medium shot of a feather floating in the wind; the feather then lands on the ground which the cinematographer uses an extreme close-up of the feather and Forrest’s sneakers. Following this the camera zooms out and moves up to display Forrest sitting on a bus stop bench, next to a woman, as he is commenting about her shoes. This series of events and different shots really adds to the zest of the film. Right off we can hear Forrest’s manner of speaking, in addition to the way that he perceives the world. Another scene that I would like to point out is when Forrest is in Vietnam, and he finds Bubba shot. In this scene the cinematographer uses a lot of close-up shots of Forrest and Bubba. I believe this is to hype up the dramatics of the situation. However, a few moments later Forrest picks up Bubba and runs with him out of the jungle. In this scene the cinematographer uses an extreme long shot; the scene lasts a full 25 seconds, which is a long time for a shot in a movie (Goodykontz & Jacobs, 2011). In this scene, Forrest and Bubba start from far away as they exit the jungle, it continues to progress until finally they run past the camera. This is a very important scene in the film where Bubba eventually dies. The cinematographer did an excellent job of capturing the planes overhead bombing, while Forrest is trying to save his friend. This scene is very meaningful. The editor of this film is Arthur Schmidt. An editor is the person who pieces all the appropriate shots into the final cut, basically rearranging the story into a plot (Goodykontz & Jacob, 2011). Arthur Schmidt won an Academy Award for his stupendous work in this film. There was a ton of post-production done on this film. There was a scene where Forrest meets, President John F. Kennedy, the visual effects team along with the editor made this scene possible; since John F. Kennedy is currently diceased. Another scene takes place where Forrest is running rom some boys because they are chasing him down. In this scene Forrest is wearing leg braces, but there is a moment when Forrest begins breaking out of the braces, while he is running. The editor slows this scene down and closes in on Forrest’s legs, in order to emphasize him breaking out of the bondage that the braces caused. This is a pivotal scene, it is the prelude to the rest of the movie where Forrest is constantly on the move; his legs are a way for him to escape. In addition, this scene is full of direct cuts and jump cuts. A jump cut is when there is an obvious jump in the action during a transition, and a direct cut is when one shot instantly takes over for another shot (Goodykontz & Jacobs, 2011). The various elements that the editor used were simply fantastic; it is no wonder why he won an Oscar for this film. There are many moments in this film where all types of sound are utilized, specifically sound effects and music. Each of these effects boosts the emotional value of scenes. There is a scene where Forrest is getting on the school bus for the first time. He is having trouble finding a seat because all of the students are denying him there seat. All of a sudden he hears the voice of a little girl saying, â€Å"you can sit hear†. During this scene, sentimental music plays in the background, simply adding emotional value to what Tom Hanks is saying. Forrest says to the woman on the bench next to him, as he is narrating the scene, that he finds it, â€Å"amazing what a young man recollects,† how he doesn’t, remember many of his ‘firsts’, but he cannot forget the first time he heard Jenny’s voice, he says that, â€Å"she was like an angel† (Finerman, Tisch, & Newirth, 1994). In addition to the music, every sound other than dialogue was a sound effect that was added post-production. This film was also recognized for its phenomenal soundtrack. In some movies songs are intentionally written for that particular movie, but in Forrest Gump these are previously existing songs that the director thought would fit the tone or mood of the particular scene(s) (Goodykontz & Jacobs, 2011). It is the soundtrack of the 60’s, filled with political songs such as â€Å"For What it’s Worth,† by Buffalo Springfield, and â€Å"Fortunate Son,† by Creedance Clearwater Revival. It also contained songs suitable for the action that was taking place, like â€Å"Sloop John B,† by The Beach Boys, while Forrest is in Vietnam. The song mentions the lyrics, â€Å"This is the worst trip I’ve ever been on,† and, â€Å"I feel so broke up, I wanna go home, let me go home,† these lyrics seem highly fitting for the scenario that the troops were in. The soundtrack won both an Academy Award and a Golden Globe. In our text it quotes that, â€Å"even though we go to films to be entertained†¦movies are something more than that†¦they are also historical documents that help us see—and perhaps more fully understand—the world in which they are made† (Goodykontz & Jacobs, 2011). Forrest Gump touched on a lot cultural events and stigmas. First off is that Forrest is disabled and still was able to do more than most people who are not disabled do in their life. In addition, Forrest saw all people as equal, no matter what skin color they had. He also gave money to Bubba’s family, even though Bubba had died before Forrest created the Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. Forrest gave Bubba’s half of the profits to Bubba’s remaining family. Bubba gave Forrest the idea and Forrest was paying due to his lost friend, through his family. This is something that he definitely did not have to do. He stands for anyone who has ever felt inadequate. Forrest Gump will go down in the history books as one of the greatest films ever made. This is because a huge number of cast and crew made this possible, from the director, cinematographer, and art director, to the actors, sound people, and most importantly the editor, who pulled everything together and created the final cut. Additional elements should be recognized as well for the overall success of the film, such as sound, style, societal impact, genre, and film criticism. A lot of hard work, time and effort go into making a movie, and unfortunately not a lot of the public are aware of this. However, once they learn a few things and realize the distinct meaning behind a slow-motion shot or the color of a characters costume, they take a more appreciative look as to what they are viewing. The mise-en-scene makes all the difference; it is what makes or breaks any movie.

Friday, January 3, 2020

I Am The Best Teachers - 771 Words

Working with others to perfect our investment plan was very beneficial. As we work to be the best teachers for our students it is important that we take the time to explain to students what we are working toward and why. Goal setting allows students to understand the purpose of all tasks and to also be investing in the content. As the readings were very valuable and presented many data collection and analysis tools, I believe I pushed my teammates to incorporated student voice more often. As Ashlee is working toward students being able to make personal connections to the Big Goal, I suggested that she have an initial discussion around students’ personal connections to the â€Å"why.† This would allow her to talk less and allow students to ask meaningful and clarifying questions as Joel (2007) states. In addition, Nikola looks for her students to be able to state where they are individually in relationship to the Big Goal. As she incorporates the student progress chart Marzano (2009) discusses, I challenged her to meet with students individually to set personal goals. These two articles were most impactful throughout my planning and review of group members’ plans this week. I hope that my feedback was meaningful and added quality items to include in my group members’ investment plans, which help them as teachers and their students. Completing this investment plan with my teammates helped me experience growth in different areas. As a very type A person I am very organized andShow MoreRelatedI Am My Best Teacher774 Words   |  4 PagesOver the past school year, I’ve started developing my own idea of what it means to be a teacher, and how I can be the best teacher to the students who walk into my classroom at the beginning of each semester. As a new teacher, who isn’t much older than some of her students, being able to relate to them on a personal level becomes an important part of my pedagogy. 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Learning in the field of education comes from colleagues, students, reflection on one’s practices and the advice and observation of other’s in the profession (Garmston, 1998 ). One valuable tool that teacher’s have to rely on are the numerous professional organizations catered to the field of education. Teachers who wish to improve usually join organizations that will educateRead MoreGraduation Speech : My Class Work1269 Words   |  6 Pagesof school have been gr eat I am loving it. It has been great first six weeks because of the teachers and all the people I m around. I am loving this school because I got to get closer to God and hangout with my friends. This year I am in seventh grade my goals are getting my grades up, running the mile faster in P.E., and respecting my teachers. The first thing I will be talking about is getting my grades up. A way I can do this is by finishing all my class work. 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